Visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form of leishmaniasis also known as kala-azar, is a life-threatening disease caused by Leishmania parasites which are transmitted by female sandflies. Visceral leishmaniasis causes fever, weight loss, spleen, and liver enlargement, and, if not treated, death.

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WHO plans to continue working on better treatment programs for VL and HIV co-infection as well in the hope of further improving survival rates – including an oral equivalent of LAmB. Developing these further improved treatments is one of the goals of WHO's roadmap for neglected tropical diseases to achieve by 2030.